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been determined without any doubt that the arrests and killings had
taken place under the leadership of Jewish functionaries and with
the participation of the Jewish inhabitants of Lemberg. That was
the reason why there was such an excitement against the Jewish
population on the part of the Lemberg citizens. (Erwin Schulz,
from May until 26 September, 1941 Commander of Einsatzkommando 5, a
subunit of Einsatzgruppe C, in John Mendelsohn, editor, The
Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes, Garland, New
York, 1982, Volume 18, p. 18)
(10) Hardly 20% of Ukrainian intelligentsia has remained.
Chief of Einsatzgruppe B reports that Ukrainian insurrection
movements were bloodily suppressed by the NKVD on June 25, 1941 in
Lvov. About 3,000 were shot by NKVD. Prison burning. Hardly 20%
of Ukrainian intelligentsia has remained. (Operational Situation
Report USSR No. 10, July 2, 1941, in Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel
Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, The Einsatzgruppen Reports:
Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign
Against the Jews July 1941-January 1943, Holocaust Library, New
York, 1989, p. 2)
(11) The corpses are dreadfully mutilated.
Location: Lvov
According to reliable information, the Russians, before
withdrawing, shot 30,000 inhabitants. The corpses piled up and
burned at the GPU prisons are dreadfully mutilated. The population
is greatly excited: 1,000 Jews have already been forcefully
gathered together. (Operational Situation Report USSR No. 11, July
3, 1941, in Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, The
Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi
Death Squads' Campaign Against the Jews July 1941-January 1943,
Holocaust Library, New York, 1989, p. 4)
(12) The prisons in Lvov were crammed with the bodies of murdered
Ukrainians.
Location: Zviahel (Novograd-Volynski)
[...]
Before leaving, the Bolsheviks, together with the Jews,
murdered several Ukrainians; as an excuse, they used the attempted
Ukrainian uprising of June 25, 1941, which tried to free their
prisoners.
According to reliable information, about 20,000 Ukrainians have
disappeared from Lvov, 80% of them belonging to the intelligentsia.
The prisons in Lvov were crammed with the bodies of murdered
Ukrainians. According to a moderate estimate, in Lvov alone
3-4,000 persons were either killed or deported.
In Dobromil, 82 dead bodies were found, 4 of them Jews. The
latter were former Bolsheviki informers who had been killed because
of their complicity in this act. Near Dobromil an obsolete salt
mine pit was discovered. It was completely filled with dead
bodies. In the immediate neighborhood, there is a 6X15m mass
grave. The number of those murdered in the Dobromil area is
estimated to be approximately several hundred.
In Sambor on June 26, 1941, about 400 Ukrainians were shot by
the Bolsheviks. An additional 120 persons were murdered on June
27, 1941. The remaining 80 prisoners succeeded in overpowering the
Soviet guards, and fled. [...]
As early as 1939, a larger number of Ukrainians was shot, and
1,500 Ukrainians as well as 500 Poles were deported to the east.
Russians and Jews committed these murders in very cruel ways.
Bestial mutilations were daily occurrences. Breasts of women and
genitals of men were cut off. Jews have also nailed children to
the wall and then murdered them. Killing was carried out by shots
in the back of the neck. Hand grenades were frequently used for
these murders.
In Dobromil, women and men were killed with blows by a hammer
used to stun cattle before slaughter.
In many cases, the prisoners must have been tortured cruelly:
bones were broken, etc. In Sambor, the prisoners were gagged and
thus prevented from screaming during torture and murder. The Jews,
some of whom also held official positions, in addition to their
economic supremacy, and who served in the entire Bolshevik police,
were always partners in these atrocities.
Finally, it was established that seven [German] pilots who had
been captured were murdered. Three of them were found in a Russian
military hospital where they had been murdered in bed by shots in
the abdomen. [...]
[...] Prior to their withdrawal, the Bolsheviks shot 2,800 out
of 4,000 Ukrainians imprisoned in the Lutsk prison. According to
the statement of 19 Ukrainians who survived the slaughter with more
or less serious injuries, the Jews again played a decisive part in
the arrests and shooting. [...]
The investigations at Zlochev proved that the Russians, prior
to their withdrawal, arrested and murdered indiscriminately a total
of 700 Ukrainians, but, nevertheless, included the entire [local]
Ukrainian intelligentsia. (Operational Situation Report USSR No.
24, July 16, 1941, in Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel
Spector, The Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches
of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign Against the Jews July
1941-January 1943, Holocaust Library, New York, 1989, p. 29-33)
(13) Ukrainians thrown into cauldrons of boiling water.
Location: Pleskau [Pskov] [...]
The population is in general convinced that it is mostly the
Jews who should be held responsible for the atrocities that are
committed everywhere. [...]
As it was learned that the Russians before they left have
either deported the Ukrainian intelligentsia, or executed them,
that is, murdered them, it is assumed that in the last days before
the retreat of the Russians, about 100 influential Ukrainians were
murdered [in Pleskau]. So far the bodies have not been found - a
search has been initiated.
About 100-150 Ukrainians were murdered by the Russians in
Kremenets. Some of these Ukrainians are said to have been thrown
into cauldrons of boiling water. This has been deduced from the
fact that the bodies were found without skin when they were
exhumed. [...]
[...] Before leaving Dubno, the Russians, as they had done in
Lvov, committed extensive mass-murder.
[...] Before their flight [from Tarnopol], as in Lvov and
Dubno, the Russians went on a rampage there. Disinterments
revealed 10 bodies of German soldiers. Almost all of them had
their hands tied behind their backs with wire. The bodies revealed
traces of extremely cruel mutilations such as gouged eyes, severed
tongues and limbs.
The number of Ukrainians who were murdered by the Russians,
among them women and children, is set finally at 600. Jews and
Poles were spared by the Russians. The Ukrainians estimate the
total number of [Tarnopol] victims since the occupation of the
Ukraine by the Russians at about 2,000. The planned deportation of
the Ukrainians already started in 1939. There is hardly a family
in Tarnopol from which one or several members have not
disappeared. [...] The entire Ukrainian intelligentsia is
destroyed. Since the beginning of the war, 160 members of the
Ukrainian intelligentsia were either murdered or deported.
Inhabitants of the town had observed a column of about 1,000
civilians driven out of town by police and army early in the
morning of July 1, 1941.
As in Lvov, torture chambers were discovered in the cellars of
the Court of Justice. Apparently, hot and cold showers were also
used here (as in Lemberg [Lviv]) for torture, as several bodies
were found, totally naked, their skin burst and torn in many
places. A grate was found in another room, made of wire and set
above the ground about 1m in height, traces of ashes were found
underneath. A Ukrainian engineer, who was also to be murdered but
saved his life by smearing the blood of a dead victim over his
face, reports that one could also hear screams of pain from women
and girls. (Operational Situation Report USSR No. 28, July 20,
1941, in Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, The
Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi
Death Squads' Campaign Against the Jews July 1941-January 1943,
Holocaust Library, New York, 1989, p.38-40)
(14) Had their noses, ears, tongues and even genitals cut away.
F. Fedorenko
MY TESTIMONY
When the bolsheviks retreated before the German onslaught in
the Second World War they took care in advance not to leave any
prisoners behind when the Germans arrived.
The prisoners were driven, en masse, under heavy NKVD guard
deep into Russia or Siberia, day and night. Many of them were so
tired that they could go no further. These were shot without
compunction where they fell. Terrible things happened then.
Sometimes, wives recognized their husbands among the evacuees, as
the prisoners were being driven through the villages. There was
great despair when they saw their loved ones taken under the
muzzles of automatic guns, to far, unknown places.
The villagers took care of those who did not die at once from
the NKVD bullets, but this was a very dangerous thing to do before
all the bolsheviks cleared out.
But the NKVD could not evacuate all the prisoners, there were
so many arrests, and jails were replenished constantly. In such a
case the NKVD, before making a hasty retreat, would murder the
prisoners in their cells.
I recall that when the Germans came, in the fall of 1941, to a
little town, Chornobil, on the Prypyat River, 62 miles west of
Kiev, 52 corpses of recently murdered people, slightly covered with
earth, were found in the prison yard.
These corpses had their hands tied at the back with wire; some
had their backs flayed, others had gouged eyes or nails driven into
their heels; still others had their noses, ears, tongues and even
genitals cut away. Instruments of torture which the communists
used were found in the dungeon of the prison.
Many of the tortured people were identified because they were
mostly farmers from the local collectives who had been arrested by
the NKVD for some unknown reason.
For instance, one girl (whose name I cannot recall now) from
the village of Zallissya, a mile and a quarter from Chornobil, was
arrested because one day she failed to go to dig trenches. All
were compelled at that time, to dig anti-tank trenches. The girl
was sick but there was no doctor to examine her and the NKVD
arrested her, never to return.
Two days later, when the Germans arrived, she was found among
the fifty-two corpses. (F. Fedorenko, My Testimony, in The Black
Deeds of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of
Victims of Russian Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, pp. 97-98)
(15) Executed 180 persons.
Andriy Vodopyan
CRIME IN STALINE
In this city in the NKVD prison factory the communists executed
180 persons and buried them in two holes dug in the prison yard.
The corpses were liberally treated with unslaked lime, especially
the faces.
My brother was sentenced to three months in jail for coming
late to work. After serving 18 days in the factory prison he was
set free, and a month later was drafted to the Red Army because
this was in July 1941.
Later, his wife and my mother found him among the corpses,
identifying him by the left hand finger, underwear and papers he
had on him.
This atrocity came to light when prisoners who remained alive
were liberated. They had also a very close call. Six days before
the arrival of the German troops they heard muffled shots.
The prison was secretly mined by NKVD agents in preparation for
the German invaders. (Andriy Vodopyan, Crime in Staline, in The
Black Deeds of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of
Victims of Russian Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 121)
(16) Had their breasts cut off.
Yuriy Dniprovy
INNOCENT VICTIMS
In the little town of Zolotnyky in the Ternopil region the
bolsheviks murdered a captain of the former Ukrainian Galician Army
(UHA) of 1918-1922, Mr. Dankiw, and clerks of the Ukrainian
cooperative store, the sisters Magdalene, Sophia and Clementine
Husar from the suburb of Vaha. Clementine and Magdalene were
tortured in a beastly manner and had their breasts cut off.
Other people executed at that time were: Slavko Demyd, Yosyp
Vozny, Vasyl Burbela, Zynoviy Kushniryna, Pavlo Kushniryna and a
non-commissioned officer of the UHA, Mr. Tsiholsky. (Yuriy
Dniprovy, Innocent Victims, in The Black Deeds of the Kremlin: A
White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist
Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 122)
(17) The chopped bones and flesh of the victims fell into the sewers.
P. K.
THE INFERNAL DEVICE OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNISTS
(By an eyewitness)
In the year 1942, when the Red Army, harassed by the German
divisions, retreated from Katerynodar (Krasnodar), the regional
NKVD division evacuated all the prisoners and sent them in the
direction of Novorossiysk. The railway line between Katerynodar
and the station of Krymska was jammed by nearly two hundred freight
boxcars filled to capacity with political prisoners.
Suspecting that all these prisoners might fall into German
hands the Russian NKVD men, as a precautionary measure, poured
gasoline on the cars and let them burn.
Thus a few thousand people perished in inhuman torture merely
because they were suspected of anti-communism.
When the Germans entered Katerynodar they found in the regional
divisional building of the NKVD in Sinny Bazar, a horrible torture
chamber. In the vault of this building there was a dark passage
which ended with a wooden platform which dipped down at a sharp
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