38. BL 5/39-40 (9 Feb. 1765).
39. Там же.
40. Royal Warrant of 4 March 1674/5.
41. The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris for the Year 1767 (1766).
42. Например, Gould R.T. The Marine Chronometer (London, 1763).
43. BL 5/12v.
44. Act 3 Geo. Ill, cap. 14.
45. BL 5/30v.
46. Act 5 Geo. Ill, cap. 20.
47. Howse D. Captain Cook's marine timekeepers, Antiquarian Horology (1969), 190-205, reprinted as The Clocks and Watches of Captain James Cook, 1769-1969.
48. Beaglehole J. C. The Journals of Captain James Cook, II (London, 1961), 692.
49. Wales W., Bayly W. The Original Observations made... in the years 1772, 1773, 1774 and 1775... (London, 1777), 280.
50. May W. E. How the chronometer went to sea, 638-663.
51. Nivernois to Praslin, 21 March 1763; Praslin to Choiseul, 28 March 1763; Choiseul to Academie, 31 March 1763; Academic to Choiseul, 4 April 1763; extract from Academie register, 16 April 1763.
52. Chapin Seymour. Lalande and the longitude: a little-known London voyage of 1763, Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 32 (1978).
53. Camus to Morton, 2 June 1763; Morton to Camus, 3 June 1763.
54. Le Roy Pierre. Expose succinet des Travaux de MM. Harrison et Le Roy dans la Recherche des Longitudes en Mer et des epreuves faites de leurs Ouvrages (Paris, 1768), 34-35.
55. Ditisheim P. et al. Pierre Le Roy et la Chronometre, 100-1, quoting from Berthoud, Traite des Montres a Longitude... (Paris, 1792), and Berthoud to Minister of Marine, 26 Dec. 1765 (Bibl. Nat.: Nouv. acq. francais 9849).
56. Maindron Ernest. Les Fondations de Prix..., 21.
57. Marguet F. Histoire de la longitude, and Guyot, E., Histoire de la determination des longitudes.
58. Gould R.T. The Marine Chronometer, 86.
59. Lois Decrets. Ordonnances et Decisions concernant le Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1909), 1-15.
60. Morando B. Le Bureau des Longitudes, 279-294.
61. The Time-Ball of St. Helena, Nautical Magazine IV (1835), 658.
62. Nautical Magazine (London, 28 Oct. 1833), 680.
63. Neptune, The Time-ball at Greenwich, Nautical Magazine IV (1835), 584-586. Laurie P. S. The Greenwich Time-ball, The Observatory, 78, no. 904 (June 1958), 113-115; Howse Derek. Greenwich Observatory, vol. iii: Its Buildings and Instruments, 134-136.
Глава 4
1. Bigourdan G. Le jour et ses divisions... В, -840; Neugebauer О. А. History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy.
2. Bigourdan G. Le Jour et ses divisions... B8-9.
3. Joyce H. The History of the post office (1893), 283.
4. Airy G. B. Report of the Astronomer Royal to the Board of Visitors (1857), 15. Henceforward cited as Report...
5. Illustrated London News, 14 May 1842, 16.
6. PRO/RAIL 1005/235, f. 58, 3 Nov. 1840.
7. House of Lords Record Office.
8. PRO/RAIL 1008/95.
9. Booth Henry. Uniformity of Time, considered especially in reference to Railway Transit and the Operations of the Electric Telegraph (London and Liverpool, 1847), 4.
10. Там же, 16.
11. Smith H. M. Greenwich time and the prime meridian, 221.
12. PRO/RAIL 1007/393 (for L and NWR) and private communication from Prof. J. Simmons (for Caledonian R.).
13. Illustrated London News, 13, 23 Dec. 1848, 387.
14. Bagwell P. The Transport Revolution from 1770 (London, 1970).
15. KieveJ.L. Electric Telegraph: A Social and Economic History, 104.
16. Airy's journal (RGO MS. 621).
17. The Times, 23 Aug. 1852.
18. Ellis William. Lecture on the Greenwich System of Time Signals, 98-99.
19. VarleyC.F. Description of the Chronopher, 1864 (GPO Post Office Records-Post 81/46).
20. The Times, 19 June 1852.
21. RGO MSS. 1182/2.
22. RGO MSS 1181/3.
23. RGO MS. 1190.01.
24. При составлении этого списка использованы следующие источники: Ellis W. Lecture on the Greenwich System of Time Signals, April-July 1865, 85-102, 109-114, 121-124; Ellis W. Time Signalling: a retrospect, The Horological Journal, Oct. 1911, 21-23; Airy, Report (1868), 22.
25. Airy. Report (1868), 22.
26. Lecture on the Greenwich System of Time Signals, 123.
27. GPO/Post 30/E 9195/1888, file 2.
28. Shenton Rita, private communication, 21 March 1978.
29. Jagger Gedric, Philip Paul Barraud (London, 1968), 68-69.
30. Davies Alun C. Greenwich and Standard Time, History Today, 28(3) (March 1978), 198.
31. R[ussell] W.J. Abraham Follett Oster, 1808-1903 [1904].
32. The Times, 12 Jan. 1850.
33. Smith H.M. Greenwich time and the prime meridian, Vistas in Astronomy, 220 (1976).
34. Edinburgh Town Council, Minutes, 4 Jan. 1848.
35. Illustrated London News, 12, 12 Feb. 1848, 89.
36. Greenwich time, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, 63 (March 1848), 354-61.
37. F [rodsham] С [harles]. Greenwich time: the universal standard of time throughout Great Britain (London, 1848), 11 pp.
38. Railway-time aggression, Chambers Edinburgh Journal, XV, no. 390, new series (217 June 1851), 392-5.
39. Illustrated London News, 3 Jan, 1852, 10.
40. The Times, 21 Nov. 1851, 3.
41. The Times 17 Nov. 1851, 7.
42. RGO MS, 1168/118-21.
43. Airy. Report (1853), 8.
44. The Western Luminary, 31 Aug. 1852 (RGO MS, 1181/132).
45. RGO MS. 1168/133.
46. Latimer J. The Annals of Bristol in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, 1887).
47. The English Reports, CLVII, Exchequer Division, XIII (1916), 719.
48. Act 43 and 44 Viet, c., House of Lords Record Office.
Глава 5
1. Forbes E.G. Greenwich Observatory, vol. i: Origins and Early History (London, 1975), 150.
2. Airy. Reports (1855), 11; (1863), Appendix HI, 19.
3. Airy. Report (1867), 20, and RGO MS. 1187-1201.
4. Airy. Report (1867), 21.
5. Bigourdan G. Le jour et ses divisions. Les fuseaux horaires et 1'Association Internationale de I'Heure, Annuare du Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1914), B43 4n.
6. Corliss C.J. The Day of Two Noons (Washington 1941), 3.
7. Weber Gustavus A. The Naval Observatory, its History, Activities and Organization (Baltimore, 1926), 27-28.
8. Langley S. P. On the Allegheny System of Electric Time Signals. The American Journal of Science and Arts (1872), 377-386.
9. Carson, Mrs. Ruth, частное сообщение от 11 ноября 1968 г., цитируемое Dawd Charles N. (ed.), Charles F. Dawd.
10. Dawd, Charles N. (ed.), Charles F. Dawd. A.M., Ph. D. and Standard Time (New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1930).
11. Smith H. M. Greenwich time and the prime meridian, Vistas in Astronomy (1976), 222-223.
12. New York Herald, Sunday 18 Nov. 1883, 10.
13. Там же, 19 Nov. 1883, 6.
14. Popular Astronomy, Jan. 1901.
15. Detroit News, 26 Sept. 1938.
16. Rubio Jose Pulido. El Piloto Mayor... de la Casa de la Contratacion (Sevilla, 1950), 438-441.
17. Perrin W.G. The Prime Meridian, Mariner's Mirror, XIII, no. 2 (April
1927), 118.
18. Там же, 119.
19. Remarques sur les Observations astronomiques faites aux Canaries en
1724 par le P. Feuillee, Minime, Mem, de 1'Acad. Royale des Sc. de Paris (1742), 350-353.
20. Struve Otto. The Resolutions of the Washington Meridian Conference 85 [in RGO Tracts, Geodesy, 02016 (8)].
21. Comptes-rendus des Congres des Sciences Geographiques, Cosmographiques, et Commerciales tenu a Anvers du 14 au 22 Aout 1871 (Anvers, 1882), II, 254-255.
22. Borsari Ferdinando. II Meridiano iniziale e 1'ora universale (Napoli, 1883), 61.
23. Smith H. M. Greenwich time and the prime meridian, Vistas in Astronomy (1976), 222.
24. Fleming S. Uniform non-local time (Terrestrial Time) (Ottawa [1876]).
25. Mayall R. Newton. The Inventor of Standard Time, Popular Astronomy, L, no. 4 (April 1942).
26. Fleming S. Time-reckoning and the selection of a prime meridian to be common to all nations (Toronto, 1879).
27. Fleming S. Universal or Cosmic Time (Toronto, 1885), 33.
28. Там же, 31.
29. Там же, 35-38.
30. Memorandum of the Royal Society of Canada on the Unification of Time at Sea, Trans. R. Soc. Canada (1896-7), II, 28.
31. De Beaumont H. Bouthillier. Choix d'un meridien initial unique (Geneva, 1880).
32. Wheeler G. M. Report upon the Third International Geographical Congress... 1881... (Washington, 1885), 28-29.
33. Smith H. M. Greenwich time and the prime meridian, Vistas in Astronomy (1976), 224-225.
34. International Conference held at Washington for the purpose of fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day, October 1884 - Protocols of the Proceedings.
35. H [inks] A. R. Nautical time and civil date, Geographical journal, LXXXVI, 2 (1935), 153-157.
36. Norie J. W. A New and Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation ... (10th edn. 1831), 313.
Глава 6
1. Pasquier E. Unification of Time, in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Nov. 1891, 107.
2. Bigourdan G. Le jour et ses divisions. Les fuseaux horaires et
1'Association Internationale de VHeure, Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1914), В 60-68.
3. Decret no. 78-855 du 9 aout 1978 relatif a 1'heure legale francaise, Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise, 19 Aug. 1978, 3080.
4. Bigourdan G.. Le jour et ses divisions. Les fuseaux horaires et 1'Association Internationale de 1'Heure, Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1914), В 35.
5. Memorandum of the Royal Soc. of Canada... (ch. 5 no 30), loc. cit. 15.
6. Там же, 48.
7. Bigourdan G. Le jour et ses divisions. Les fiseaux horaires et 1'Association Internationale de 1'Heure, Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1914), В 36.
8. Minutes of Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, London, June-July 1917 (MOD, Hydrographic Dept. MSS).
9. Sadler D. H. Mean Solar Time on the Meridian of Greenwich, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 19 (1978), 290-309.
10. Pigafetta Antonio. Diary, quoted in Stanley, Lord, of Alderley (ed.). The First Voyage round the World (London, Hakluyt Society, 1874), 161.
11. Leigh-Browne F. S. The International Date Line, The Geographical Magazine, April 1942, 305-306.
12. HellwegJ.F. United States Navy time service, Pub. Astr. Soc. Pasific, 52, 305 (Feb. 1940).
13. Bigourdan G. Les services horaires de 1'observatoire de Paris ..., Bulletin Astronomique, II, 1921-1922, 30.
14. Там же, 32-33.
15. Bureau des Longitudes, Conference internationale de 1'heure ... (Paris, 1912), Dt.
16. Smith H.M. The Bureau International de 1'Heure, Proceedings of the 8th Annual PTTI Applications and Planning Meeting, Nov. -Dec. 1976.
17. De Carle D. British Time, 152-157.
18. Wilson M. Ninth Astronomer Royal (Cambridge, 1951), 201.
19. Bigrourdan G. Le jour et ses divisions. Les fuseaux horaires et 1'Association Internationale de 1'Heure, Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes (Paris, 1914), B72-B73.
20. Esclancon E. La Distribution telephonique de 1'heure et Fhorologe parlante de 1'observatoire de Paris, Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes pour 1934, c. 6-11.
21. Ordnance Survey, History of the Retriangulation of Great Britain (1967), 92-101.
Глава 7
1. Smith H.M. The determination of time and frequency, Proc. IEE, 98, II, 62 (April 1951), 147.
2. Spencer Jones, Sir Harold. The Earth as a Timekeeper, Proc. R. Inst. GB, XXXIV, 157 (1950), 553.
3. Trans. Int. Astr. Un., X (I960), 489.
4. Proces-verbaux des Seances in Comite International des Poids et Mesures, 2e serie, Tome XXV, session de 1956 (Paris, 1957), p. 77. (Author's translation).
5. Blair B.E. (ed.). Time and Frequency: Theory and Fundamentals (US National Bureau of Standards, May, 1974), 93-95.
6. Comptes-rendus des Seances de la Treizieme Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (Paris, 1968), Resolution 1, p. 103. (Translation in Blair, op. cit., p. 11.)
7. Smith H. M. International time and frequency coordination, Proceedings of the IEEE, 60, no. 5 (May 1972), 479-487.
8. Comptes-rendus des Seances de la Quinzieme Conference Generale des
Poids et Mesures (Paris, 1976), Resolution 5, p. 104.
9. Sadler D.H. Mean Solar Time on the Meridian of Greenwich, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 19 (1978), 290-309: this gives an excellent account of many of the events related in this chapter. 10. Decret no. 78-855 du 9 aout 1978, loc. cit. 3080.
Приложение I
1. Edwards Clinton R. Mapping by questionnaire: an early Spanish attempt to determine New World geographical positions, Imago Mundi, XXIII (1969), 21-22.
Приложение II
1. Howse Derek. Greenwich Observatory, vol. Ill: Its Buidings and Instruments (London, 1975).
2. Perfect D.S. The PZT of the Royal Greenwich Observatory, O.N. RAS (1959), 223-233.
3. Danjon A. L'Astrolabe Impersonnel de 1'observatoire de Paris Bull. Astron., XVIII (1954), 251.
4. Guyot E. Histoire de la determination des 1'heure, 117-119.
Приложение III
1. Howse Derek and Hutchinson B. The Tompion clocks at Greenwich and the dead-beat escapement (Antiquarian Horology reprint, 1970-1971.
2. Gazeley W.J. Clock and Watch Escapements (London, 1973).
Дополнительная литература
Завельский Ф. С. Время и его измерение. От биллионных долей секунды до миллиардов лет. -М.: Наука, 1977.
Селешников С. И. История календаря и хронология. -М.: Наука, 1977.
Время и частота. Под ред. Дж. Джесперсона, Б. Блейра и Л. Геттерера. -М.: Мир, 1973.
Бакулин П. И., Блинов Н.С. Служба точного времени. -М.: Наука, 1977.
Подобед В. В., Нестеров В. В. Общая астрометрия. -М.: Наука, 1982.
Пипуныров В. Н. История часов с древнейших времен до наших дней. -М.: Наука, 1982.
Notes
