64
Judith S. Donath, “Identity and Deception in the Virtual Community”, Communities in Cyberspace, ed. Marc A. Smith and Peter Kollock (London: Routledge, 1999), pp. 27–58.
65
Marc Lynch, “The Failure of #MuslimRage”, Foreign Policy, September 21, 2012, http://lynch.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/21/a_funny_thing_happened_on_the_way_to_muslimrage
66
Chris Stephen, “Bodies of Six Militiamen Found in Benghazi after Attacks on Bases”, Guardian, September 22, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/sep/22/bodies-six-militiamen-found-benghazi?newsfeed=true
67
“People of Benghazi Trying to Save Chris Stevens Life before His Death”, YouTube.com, September 17, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC0B0qrv2wA, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMSnyOMRXos&feature=watch_response_rev
68
“Mapping the Global Muslim Population”, Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, October 7, 2009, http://www.pewforum.org/Mapping – the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx
69
Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital (New York: Knopf, 1995), pp. 3–4.
70
Более полную информацию о воде Fiji можно почерпнуть из следующих материалов: Rob Walker, “Water Proof”, New York Times, June 1, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/magazine/01wwln-consumed-t.html; Claudia H. Deutsch, “For Fiji Water, a Big List of Green Goals”, New York Times, November 7, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/07/business/07fji.html; Kerri Ritchie, “Fiji Media Told to Adopt ‘Journalism of Hope’”, ABC (Australia), April 17, 2009, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009–04–17/fji-media-told-to-adopt-journalism-of-hope/1654410; Anna Lenzer, “Fiji Water: Spin the Bottle”, Mother Jones, September/ October 2009, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2009/09/fji-spin-bottle?page=2; Ed Dinger, “Fiji Water LLC”, Answers.com, http://www.answers.com/topic/fji-water-llc; AAP, “Hollywood Couple Buys Fiji Water for $63m”, Sydney Morning Herald, November 30, 2004, http://www.smh.com.au/news/Business/Hollywood-couple-buys-Fiji-Water-for-63m/2004/11/29/ 1101577419156.html
71
John Maynard Keynes, “The Economic Consequences of Peace” (New York: Harcourt Brace & Howe, 1920, переиздание Management Laboratory Press, 2009), p. 20.
72
“U. S. at War: Globaloney”, Time, February 22, 1943, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774367,00.html
73
Jennifersharpe, “Denim Jeans”, Sourcemap.com, http://sourcemap.com/view/478
74
Andy Jerardo, “What Share of U. S. Consumed Food Is Imported?”, Amber Waves, February 2008, http://webarchives.cdlib.org/sw1vh5dg3r/; http://ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/February08/DataFeature
75
Bruce Blythe, “Wal-Mart’s U. S. Grocery Sales Rose to Nearly $141 Billion Last Year”, Drover’s Cattle Network, April 1, 2011, http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/company/Wal-Marts-US-grocery-sales-rose-to-nearly-141-billion-last-year-119064289.html
76
“Steel Industry Executive Summary: July 2012”, U. S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, http://hq-web03.ita.doc.gov/License/Surge.nsf/webfles/SteelMillDevelopments/$fle/exec%20summ.pdf?openelement; Mark Piepkorn, “Lumber by the Numbers”, Continuing Education Center, http://continuingeducation.construction.com/article.php?L=5&C=645&P=1, originally published in GreenSource, January/February 2010 issue.
77
Daniel Cohen, Globalization and Its Enemies, trans. Jessica B. Baker (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), p. 52.
78
Jeffrey Frankel, “Globalization of the Economy”, in Governance in a Globalizing World, ed. Joseph S. Nye and John D. Donahue (Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
79
US Census, “Top Ten Countries with Which the United States Trades”, May 2012, http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/top/dst/current /balance.html
80
Galina Hale and Bart Hobijn, “The U. S. Content of ‘Made in China’”, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letter, August 8, 2011, http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2011/el2011–25.html?utm_source=home
81
“Brazil’s Victory in Cotton Trade Case Exposes America’s Wasteful Subsidies”, Washington Post, June 3, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/02/AR2010060204228.html; Will Allen, Eddie DeAnda, and Kate Deusterberg, “U. S. Cotton Subsidies: Killing Farmers & Poisoning Consumers & the Earth”, Organic Consumers Association, December 9, 2003, http://www.organicconsumers.org/clothes/willallen011504.cfm Pietra Rivoli, The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2009). В конце 2010 – начале 2011 года мировые цены на хлопок резко подскочили, а это значит, что субсидии не были выплачены. Однако сама система претерпела мало изменений, и Соединенные Штаты, вероятно, еще вернутся к практике субсидирования отрасли после зафиксированного скачка цен.
82
Cohen, Globalization, p. 27.
83
Farzana Hakim and Colleen Harris, “Muslims in the European ‘Media scape’”, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2009, http://www.strategicdialogue.org /ISD%20muslims%20media%2 0WEB.pdf
84
“Facts and Figures”, International Organization for Migration, http:// www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/about-migration/facts-and-fgures/lang/en
85
Эти показатели были вычислены с использованием данных базы знаний Wolfram Alpha.
86
Adrian Michaels, “Muslim Europe: The Demographic Time Bomb Transforming Our Continent”, Telegraph, August 8, 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/5994047/Muslim-Europe-the-demographic-time-bomb-transforming-our-continent.html
87
Karoly Lorant, “The Demographic Challenge in Europe”, Brussels, April 2005, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/inddem/docs/papers/The%20demographic%20challenge%20in%20Europe.pdf
88
“The Future of the Global Muslim Population”, Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, January 27, 2011, http://www.pewforum.org/ The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx
89
«Спасибо большое» (яп.) – Примеч. пер.
90
Federal Communications Commission, International Telecommunications Data Report (2004), http://transition.fcc.gov/ib/sand/mniab/traffc/files/CREPOR04.pdf
91
Данные отсюда: International Telecommunication Union, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics
92
Most Viewed Now, wwiTV.com, http://wwitv.com/most_viewed_now.htm
93
На всех перечисленных ресурсах есть большие разделы на китайском языке. Кроме того, перечисленные сайты далеко не всегда доступны всем китайцам из-за воинственной и постоянно меняющей правила интернет-цензуры, которую практикует китайское правительство.
94
По количеству интернет-пользователей 10 место в мире занимает Нигерия, однако в то время Doubleclick не отслеживал нигерийские запросы, поэтому вместо нее идет Южная Корея, тогда занимавшая 11 место.
95
Asia and Japan Watch, the Asahi Shimbun, http://ajw.asahi.com/
96
Priya Kumar, “Foreign Correspondents: Who Covers What?”, American Journalism Review, December/January 2011, http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=4997
97
“Content Analysis”, The State of the News Media, http://stateofthemedia.org/2005/newspapers-intro/content-analysis
98
Как и в исследовании Media Standards Trust, мы проанализировали все статьи в четырех американских газетах: New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune и Washington Post, напечатанные в течение четырех недель – по неделе на каждое десятилетие. В Chicago Tribune и Washington Post за сорокалетний период нами было зафиксировано значительное снижение количества статей о международных делах и событиях за границей. В Los Angeles Times эти показатели также заметно снизились в период с 1979 по 1999 год, однако в 2009-м газета активно печатала материалы о международных делах. В настоящий момент мы пытаемся понять, являются ли эти данные погрешностью и международная ситуация активно освещалась в газете именно в ту неделю, или же это можно рассматривать как общую тенденцию. В британских газетах мы также зафиксировали значительное снижение количества материалов на международные темы, чего нельзя сказать о New York Times, где в 2009 году количество статей указанных категорий составляло 80 % от аналогичных показателей 1979 года.
99
Guy Golan, “Inter-Media Agenda Setting and Global News Coverage: Assessing the Influence of the New York Times on Three Network Television Evening News Programs”, Journalism Studies 7, no. 2 (2006): 323–33, http://www.academia.edu/279392/Inter-Media_Agenda_Setting_and_Global_News_Coverage
100
Аlisa Miller, Media Makeover: Improving the News One Click at a Time (New York: Ted Books, 2011).
101
Kristen Purcell, Lee Rainie, Amy Mitchell, Tom Rosenstiel, and Kenny Olmstead, “Understanding the Participatory News Consumer”, Pew Internet and American Life Project, March 1, 2010, http://www.pewinternet.org/ Reports/2010/ Online-News/Part-1/4-Satisfaction-with– coverage-of-different-news-topics.aspx
102
“In a Changing News Landscape, Even Television Is Vulnerable”, Pew Research Center, September 27, 2012, http://www.people-press.org/2012/09/27/section-3-news-attitudes-and-habits-2
103
Anthony Kaufman, “Is Foreign Film the New Endangered Species?”, New York Times, January 22, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/ movies/22kauf.html
104
Three Percent, http://www.rochester.edu/college/translation/threepercent/index.php?s=about
105
Amy Balkin, “In Transit”, CabSpotting, http://cabspotting.org/projects/intransit/; “FAQ”, CabSpotting, http://cabspotting.org/faq.html
106
“History of Railroads and Maps”, Library of Congress, 1998, http:// memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/rrintro.html; Olivier Zunz, Making America Corporate (London: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
107
Martin Dodge, “Cybergeography Research”, University of Manchester, 2007, http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/atlas.html
108
Josh McWilliam, “How Does the Google Maps Traffic Feature Work? Where Does the Data Come From?”, Bright Hub, September 24, 2010, http://www.brighthub.com/internet/google/articles/46896.aspx; Frederic Lardinois, “Google Maps Gets Smarter: Crowdsources Live Traffc Data”, ReadWriteWeb, August 25, 2009, http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/google_maps_gets_smarter_crowdsources_traffc_data.php
109
Dave Barth, “The Bright Side of Sitting in Traffc: Crowd-sourcing Road Congestion Data”, Googleblog, August 25, 2009, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/08 /bright-side-of-sitting-in-traffc.html
110
Кроме того, операторы все чаще выдают эти данные по запросу правоохранительных органов. Между 2008 и 2009 годами американский оператор связи Sprint предоставил правоохранительным органам США восемь миллионов записей, многие из которых содержали информацию о местонахождении абонентов. См. статью за декабрь 2009 года: Kim Zetter “Feds ‘Pinged’ Sprint GPS Data 8 Million Times over a Year”, Wired, http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/12/gps-data
111
Kai Biermann, “Tell-all Telephone”, Zeit Online, March 26, 2011, http://www.zeit.de/datenschutz/malte-spitz-data-retention
112
Noam Cohen, “Cellphones Track Your Every Move, and You May Not Even Know”, New York Times, March 26, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/business/media/26privacy.html?_r=1
113
Wiredautopia, “airtraffc”, December 7, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=oR00_uLfGVE
114
Research and Innovative Technology Administration, “Table 1–46: Air Passenger Travel Departures from the United States to Selected Foreign Countries by Flag of Carriers”, in National Transportation Statistics, U. S. Dept. of Transportation, July 2010, http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_46.html
115
Ibid.
116
Карта Мародеров – магический предмет из книг о Гарри Поттере, особая карта, которая показывает местоположение любого посетителя Хогвартса. – Примеч. пер.
