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492
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493
A. Henochowicz, ‘Still in Japan, cartoonist Rebel Pepper seeks help’, China Digital Times, 12 May 2015, https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/still-in-japan-cartoonist-rebel-pepper-seeks-help/
494
S. Jiang, ‘Released Chinese feminists: out of jail but not free’, CNN, 14 April 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/14/asia/china-feminists-release-jiang/
495
Z. Huang, ‘Chinese trolls jumped the Firewall to attack Taiwan’s president and military on Facebook’, Quartz, 3 January 2017, https://qz.com/876614/chinese-trolls-jumped-the-firewall-to-attack-taiwans-military-and-president-tsai-ing-wen-on-facebook/
496
R. Han, ‘The “voluntary fifty-cent army” in Chinese cyberspace’, China Policy Institute, 29 February 2016, http://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/chinapolicyinstitute/2016/02/29/the-voluntary-fifty-cent-army-in-chinese-cyberspace/
497
D. Bandurski, ‘China’s guerrilla war for the web’, Far Eastern Economic Review, 2008.
498
G. King et al., ‘How the Chinese government fabricates social media posts for strategic distraction, not engaged argument’, American Political Science Review 111, no. 3 (2017), pp. 484–501, http://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/50c.pdf?m=1463683069
499
W. Ai, ‘China’s paid trolls: meet the 5 °Cent party’, New Statesman, 17 October 2012, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/politics/2012/10/china%E2%80%99s-paid-trolls-meet-50-cent-party
500
D. Bandurski, ‘Ai Weiwei chat with opinion manipulator surfaces’, China Media Project, 9 May 2011, http://chinamediaproject.org/2011/05/09/ai-weiwei-chat-with-opinion-manipulator-surfaces/
501
L. Tao, ‘China’s Weibo leverages star power to profit from huge youth following as oldies lose interest’, South China Morning Post, 9 October 2017, http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2114545/chinas-weibo-leverages-star-power-profit-huge-youth-following-oldies
502
C. Chen and I. Deng ‘Weibo, Tencent volunteer to clean up content as China intensifies crackdown’, South China Morning Post, 12 April 2018, http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2141375/chinese-social-media-platforms-volunteer-clean-content-crackdown
503
Интервью автора с Кеннетом Ло, сентябрь 2017 г.
504
B. Leiner, V. Cerf, D. Clark, R. Kahn, L. Kleinrock, D. Lynch, J. Postel, L. Roberts and S. Wolff, ‘Brief history of the internet’, Internet Society, 1997, https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet/
505
J. Klensin, ‘Role of the domain name system (DNS)’, Request for Comments: 3467, February 2003, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3467
506
J. Postel, ‘IAB official protocol standards’, Request for Comments: 1083, December 1988, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1083; J. Snyder, K. Komaitis and A. Robachevsky, ‘The IANA timeline: an extended timeline with citations and commentary’, The Internet Society, 9 May 2016, https://www.internetsociety.org/ianatimeline/
507
J. Goldsmith and T. Wu, Who Controls the Internet?: illusions of a borderless world, Oxford and New York NY: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 168.
508
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? pp. 34–5.
509
Snyder et al., ‘The IANA timeline’.
510
D. Sparks, ‘Network solutions: by any other name, a monopoly.com’, Bloomberg, 19 April 1999, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1999–04–18/commentary-network-solutions-by-any-other-name-a-monopoly-dot-com
511
‘Network Solutions flourishes’, Wired, 10 February 1999, https://www.wired.com/1999/02/network-solutions-flourishes/; M. Mueller, Ruling the Root: internet governance and the taming of cyberspace, Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2009, pp. 151–2.
512
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 36.
513
Погодные данные предоставлены ресурсом Weather Underground.
514
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 29;
V. Cerf, ‘I remember IANA’, Request for Comments: 2468, October 1998, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2468
515
R. Chandrasekaran, ‘Internet reconfiguration concerns federal officials’, The Washington Post, 31 January 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1998/01/31/internet-reconfiguration-concerns-federal-officials/c98b71a0-8e4a-4aab-96f6-1868c81fe60c/; Mueller, Ruling the Root, p. 162.
516
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 30.
517
W. Kleinwächter, ‘De-mystification of the internet root: do we need governmental oversight?’ in Reforming Internet Governance: perspectives from the Working Group on Internet Governance, New York NY: United Nations Publications, 2005, p. 214.
518
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 46.
519
D. Dougherty and M. Roberts, ‘USC/ICANN transition agreement’, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, 2012, https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/usc-icann-transition-2012-02-25-en
520
Kleinwächter, ‘De-mystification of the internet root’, p. 215.
521
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 168.
522
J. Lytle, ‘Jon Postel, internet pioneer, dies at 55’, USC News, 26 October 1998, https://news.usc.edu/9865/Jon-Postel-Internet-Pioneer-Dies-at-55/
523
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 169.
524
Snyder et al., ‘The IANA timeline’.
525
Why a summit on the information society, World Summit on the Information Society, 2005, https://www.itu.int/net/wsis/basic/why.html
526
Kleinwächter, ‘De-mystification of the internet root’, p. 215.
527
‘US principles on the internet’s domain name and addressing system’, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, United States Department of Commerce, 30 June 2005, https://www.ntia.doc.gov/other-publication/2005/us-principles-internets-domain-name-and-addressing-system
528
United States Attorney Northern District of Texas, ‘Infocom corporation and its operators sentenced in federal court’, US Department of Justice, 13 October 2006, https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/txn/PressRel06/elashi_bayan_ghassan_basman_infocom_sent_pr.html
529
‘Request of NCMC for redelegation of.IQ top-level domain’, IANA Report, July 2005, https://www.iana.org/reports/2005/iq-report-05aug2005.pdf
530
T. Wright, ‘EU tries to unblock internet impasse’, International Herald Tribune, 30 September 2005, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/iht/2005/09/30/business/IHT-30net.html
531
C. Bildt, ‘European Union, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Cuba’, Bildt Comments, 3 October 2005, https://bildt.blogspot.hk/2005/10/european-union-iran-saudi-arabia-cuba.html
532
Kleinwächter, ‘De-mystification of the internet root’, p. 221.
533
Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? p. 171.
534
Ни одна из организаций не соответствует стереотипному образу. Правительства стран обладают большим влиянием на ICANN, а МСЭ все чаще в последние годы консультируется с представителями гражданского общества.
535
‘Discover ITU’s history’, International Telecommunication Union, 2018, https://www.itu.int/en/history/Pages/DiscoverITUsHistory.aspx
536
536
537
V. Cerf, ‘Keep the internet open’, The New York Times, 24 May 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/25/opinion/keep-the-internet-open.html
538
В. В. Путин встретился с генеральным секретарем Международного союза электросвязи Хамадуном Туре, архив сайта Правительства Российской Федерации, 2012, http://archive.government.ru/ru/docs/15601/print/
539
A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s
