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flayed, others had gouged eyes or nails driven into their heels; still others
had their noses, ears, tongues and even genitals cut away. Instruments of
torture which the communists used were found in the dungeon of the prison.
Many of the tortured people were identified because they were mostly farmers
from the local collectives who had been arrested by the NKVD for some unknown
reason.
For instance, one girl (whose name I cannot recall now) from the village of
Zallissya, a mile and a quarter from Chornobil, was arrested because one day
she failed to go to dig trenches. All were compelled at that time, to dig
anti-tank trenches. The girl was sick but there was no doctor to examine her
and the NKVD arrested her, never to return.
Two days later, when the Germans arrived, she was found among the fifty-two
corpses. (F. Fedorenko, My Testimony, in The Black Deeds of the Kremlin: A
White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist Terror,
Toronto, 1953, pp. 97-98)
Andriy Vodopyan
CRIME IN STALINE
In this ciy in the NKVD prison factory the communists executed 180 persons
and buried them in two holes dug in the prison yard. The corpses were
liberally treated with unslaked lime, especially the faces.
My brother was sentenced to three months in jail for coming late to work.
After serving 18 days in the factory prison he was set free, and a month later
was drafted to the Red Army because this was in July 1941.
Later, his wife and my mother found him among the corpses, identifying him by
the left hand finger, underwear and papers he had on him.
This atrocity came to light when prisoners who remained alive were liberated.
They had also a very close call. Six days before the arrival of the German
troops they heard muffled shots.
The prison was secretly mined by NKVD agents in preparation for the German
invaders. (Andriy Vodopyan, Crime in Staline, in The Black Deeds of the
Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist
Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 121)
Yuriy Dniprovy
INNOCENT VICTIMS
In the little town of Zolotnyky in the Ternopil region the bolsheviks
murdered a captain of the former Ukrainian Galician Army (UHA) of 1918-1922,
Mr. Dankiw, and clerks of the Ukrainian cooperative store, the sisters
Magdalene, Sophia and Clementine Husar from the suburb of Vaha. Clementine and
Magdalene were tortured in a beastly manner and had their breats cut off.
Other people executed at that time were: Slavko Demyd, Yosyp Vozny, Vasyl
Burbela, Zynoviy Kushniryna, Pavlo Kushniryna and a non-commissioned officer of
the UHA, Mr. Tsiholsky. (Yuriy Dniprovy, Innocent Victims, in The Black Deeds
of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian
Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 122)
P. K.
THE INFERNAL DEVICE OF THE RUSSIAN COMMUNISTS
(By an eyewitness) In the year 1942, when the Red Army, harassed by the
German divisions, retreated from Katerynodar (Krasnodar), the regional NKVD
division evacuated all the prisoners and sent them in the direction of
Novorossiysk. The railway line between Katerynodar and the station of Krymska
was jammed by nearly two hundred freight boxcars filled to capacity with
political prisoners.
Suspecting that all these prisoners might fall into German hands the
Russian NKVD men, as a precautionary measure, poured gasoline on the cars and
let them burn.
Thus a few thousand people perished in inhuman torture merely because they
were suspected of anti-communism.
When the Germans entered Katerynodar they found in the regional divisional
building of the NKVD in Sinny Bazar, a horrible torture chamber. In the vault
of this building there was a dark passage which ended with a wooden platform
which dipped down at a sharp angle. Right underneath it there was a machine
which resembled a straw chopper. It was a disk equipped with a system of big
knives that revolved at great speed. It was powered by a motor.
After questioning, the innocent victims were driven by the NKVD agents
towards the wooden platform and rolled under the knives of the hellish
meatchopper. The chopped bones and flesh of the victims fell into the sewers
and were carried away with a stream of sewage into the river Kuban.
Having discovered this horrible place, the Germans gave permission to all
who wished to view this inhuman device. Thousands of people visited the place,
among them the author of these lines.
Other nations direct their talents towards the discovery of better
medicines, new materials, better means of communication to make living
conditions better. The Russian people are using all their talents for the
production of machines and new methods of mass murder and torture. (P. K., The
infernal device of the Russian Communists (by an eyewitness), in The Black
Deeds of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian
Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, pp. 123-124)
M. Kowal
BOLSHEVIK MURDERS
I am Michael Kowal, from the town of Kaminka Strumylova in the Lviw Region
in Ukraine. During the communist occupation of Western Ukraine I personally
witnessed three arrests in my native town on June 22, 1941, those of Bohdan
Mulkevich, and Michael Mulkevich who lived on Zamok Street, and Michael
Mulkevich's blacksmith apprentice, presumably from the village of Rymaniw in
the same Region. They were suspected of disloyalty to the communist regime.
After th communist retreat from Kaminska-Strumylova they were found in the
town prison with 33 other victims, murdered in a horribly sadistic manner. All
the corpses were tied together with barbed wire and all bore signs of terrible
beatings. Some had nails driven into their skulls. None of them had been shot
to death. Their bodies, nude and badly mauled, were practically unrecognizable
to their relatives.
Bohdan Mulkevish's wife recognized her husband, but, trying to verify her
identification by his gold teeth, found them missing. All the bodies were
taken away fro interment.
That Same day 19 other bodies were discovered near the village of Todan
about 9 or 10 kilometers from Kaminka-Strumylova. They were tied to trees and
their chests were pierced with bayonets. These were all identified by
relatives and taken away for burial. (M. Kowal, Bolshevik Murders, in The
Black Deeds of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of
Russian Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 529)
Andriy Vodopyan
A RAVINE FILLED WITH THE BODIES OF CHILDREN
I was serving in the Soviet Russian Army. Our artillery unit was
retreating before the Germans in the direction of Yeletsk. On September 18,
1941, our unit came to a wide ravine situated about 14 miles from Chartsysk
station, and about 60 miles from the city of Staline. The ravine stretched
from the station of Chartsysk to the station of Snizhy. When we approached the
ravine we were taken aback by a horrible sight. The whole ravine was filled
with the bodies of children. They were lying in different positions. Most of
them were from 14 to 16 years of age. They were dressed in black, and we
recognized them as students of the F.S.U., a well-known trade and craft
school. We counted 370 bodies altogether. All of them had been killed by
machine gun fire.
This group of children was being evacuated from Staline when the Germans
neared the city. The children had marched 60 miles, and, exhausted and unable
to continue walking, asked for transportation. The officers in charge promised
to send them trucks. Instead of trucks, a detachment of the Russian political
police (NKVD) arrived, and shot the children in cold blood with machine guns.
This ravine, filled with hundreds of bodies of slain children, moved even the
soldiers, accustomed as they were to the sight of death. (Andriy Vodopyan, A
Ravine Filled With the Bodies of Children, in S. O. Pidhainy (ed.), The Black
Deeds of the Kremlin: A White Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian
Communist Terror, Toronto, 1953, p. 529)
Rev. J. Chyrva was imprisoned in 1941 when the Russian Communist armies were
withdrawing from the city of Riwne. He happened to be cast into one of those
jails in which the communists, fleeing from advancing German armies, attempted
to rid themselves of as many prisoners as possible by throwing hand-grenades
into the crowded cells. When the first grenade was thrown into the cell where
Rev. J. Chyrva was kept, he was the first to fall - his foot shattered. On him
fell many mutilated bodies, covering him, thus saving his life. Later, when
people came into the cell, they found all the prisoners dead with the exception
of Rev. J. Chyrva. He is alive today, a witness of that horrible
manslaughter. (Rev. Lev Buchak, Persecution of Ukrainian Protestants under the
Soviet Rule, in S. O. Pidhainy (ed.), The Black Deeds of the Kremlin: A White
Book, Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist Terror, Toronto,
1953, p. 529)
The Bolsheviks had arrested thousands of Ukrainian patriots, and prior to their
retreat, they killed them savagely. For some reason even highly regarded
Jewish authors understate the number of Ukrainian victims of Bolshevik terror.
Gerald Reitlinger gives a figure of three to four thousand in Lviv alone.
Hilberg speaks of "the Bolsheviks deporting Ukrainians," but he does not
furnish any overall figures. But on the basis of a German document (RSHA
IV-A-1, Operational Report USSR no. 28, 20 July 1941, No-2943), which I was
unable to verify, he recounts one particularly horrible episode:
In Kremenets 100-150 Ukrainians had been killed by the Soviets.
When some of the exhumed corpses were found without skin, rumors
circulated that the Ukrainians had been thrown into kettles of
boiling water. The Ukrainian population retaliated by seizing
130 Jews and beating them to death with clubs.
He also quotes the French collaborator Dr. Frederic as saying that the
Bolsheviks killed eighteen thousand Ukrainian political prisoners in Lviv and
its outskirts alone.
Basing his remarks on an anonymous article entitled "The Ethnocide of
Ukrainians in the USSR," in the dissident journal Ukrainian Herald, Issue 7-8,
the Ukrainian-American publicist Lew Shankowsky gives the following number of
victims of Bolshevik terror in Galicia and Volhynia: as many as forty thousand
killed in the prisons of Lviv, Lutsk, Rivne, Dubno, Ternopil, Stanyslaviv (now
Ivano-Frankivsk), Stryi, Drohobych, Sambir, Zolochiv and other towns and
settlements. The fact of the matter is that, justifiably or not, some
Ukrainians felt that some Jews were in the employ of the Stalinist secret
police, the NKVD. For instance, it was pointed out to me by a resident of
Western Ukraine that a high NKVD official in Lviv, a certain Barvinsky, was
Jewish, despite his Ukrainian name. (Yaroslav Bilinsky, Methodological
Problems and Philosophical Issues in the Study of Jewish-Ukrainian Relations
During the Second World War, pp. 373-394, in Howard Aster and Peter J.
Potichnyj (eds.), Ukrainian-Jewish Relations in Historical Perspective,
Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, Edmonton, 1990, footnotes deleted)
In their hasty and often panic-stricken retreat, the Soviet authorities were
not about to evacuate the thousands of prisoners they had arrested, mostly
during their last months of rule in western Ukraine. Their solution,
implemented at the end of June and in early July 1941, was to kill all inmates
regardless of whether they had committed minor or major crimes or were being
held for political reasons. According to estimates, from 15,000 to 40,000
prisoners were killed during the Soviet retreat from eastern Galicia and
western Volhynia. (Paul Robert Magocsi, A History of Ukraine, University of
Washington Press, Seattle, 1996, p. 624)
Was the Ukrainian perception of disproportionate Jewish participation in the Soviet secret
police accurate? Observations such as the following suggest that perhaps it was: Yoram Sheftel,
Ivan Demjanjuk's Israeli defense attorney, reports the following in connection with his visit to
the Simferopol, Ukraine, KGB headquarters in 1990:
On the right-hand wall was a stone memorial plaque engraved with the names of
about thirty KGB men from Simferopol who had fallen in the Great Patriotic War,
as the Soviets call World War II. I was shocked and angry as I read the names:
the first was Polonski and the last Levinstein, and all those between were ones
like Zalmonowitz, Geller and Kagan - all Jews. The best of Jewish youth in
Russia, the cradle of Zionism, had sold itself and its soul to the Red Devil.
(The Demjanjuk Affair: The Rise and Fall of a Show-Trial, 1994, p. 301)
Curious wording, incidentally. In the eyes of Sheftel, this plaque does not list torturers and
butchers, it lists "youth." These torturers and butchers are not chosen from the "worst" of
Jews, but from the "best." And whereas a Ukrainian might tend to the view that the members of
the NKVD were the Red Devil, Sheftel views them as merely having sold their souls to some
hypothetical Red Devil residing elsewhere. Sheftel, it seems, extends his sympathy not to the
victims of the torturers and butchers, but to the torturers and butchers themselves, who after
all are merely "the best of Jewish youth" led astray by some "Red Devil" - in other words, to be
viewed not as falling among the victimizers, but among the victims. I suppose that there exist
even today apologists who might speak of Adolf Eichmann as an instance of the best of German
youth who had sold his soul to the Nazi Devil.
Of course Sheftel's sample of 30 is not necessarily a sample that is representative of the
entire NKVD; however the Jewish domination of the entire NKVD is not a rare or dubious
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