Шмонэ Эсрэ [евр. «восемнадцать»]. «Восемнадцать благословений». Основная из установленных молитв. Также называется «Амида».
Шоа [евр. «разрушение»]. Одно из названий разрушения нацистами еврейской жизни в Европе.
Шомер [евр. и идиш, «страж»; множ. число «шомрим»]. 1. Надзиратель, следящий за тем, чтобы пища готовилась по правилам кашрута. 2. Страж над мертвым телом. 3. Это слово употребляется также в выражениях вроде «шомер мицвот» и «шомер шаббат», обозначая человека, скрупулезного в соблюдении заповедей.
Шофар [евр.]. Музыкальный инструмент, сделанный из бараньего рога. В него трубят в Рош Га-Шана и под конец Йом Киппура.
Шохет [евр. «мясник»]. Специалист, осуществляющий убой скота согласно предписанным правилам. См. также шехита.
Штетль [идиш, «городок», «местечко»]. Это слово сейчас обозначает целый утраченный мир восточноевропейского еврейства.
Штибль [идиш, «комнатка»]. Комната, использовавшаяся для молитвы, особенно у хасидов.
Шул [идиш]. Одно из названий синагоги у ашкеназов.
э
Эйн Келогейну [евр. «Нет подобного Богу нашему»]. Гимн, который обычно поют под конец утренней службы (в ашкеназских синагогах только по субботам и праздникам).
Эйн Соф [евр. «Бесконечное»]. Высший и непознаваемый аспект Божества в каббалистических системах. См. также Сефирот.
Элогим [евр. «боги», или «Бог»]. Одно из имен Бога.
Эль [евр. «Бог»]. Одно из имен Бога.
Эль мале рахамим [евр. «Боже, исполненный милосердия»]. Заупокойная молитва, которую читают на похоронах и поминальных службах.
Эрец Исраэль [евр.]. Земля Израилева.
Эрусин [евр.]. Помолвка.
Этрог [евр.]. Цитрусовый плод, один из четырех видов растений, которые используются в обрядах праздника Суккот.
Эхаль. См. гейхаль.
Литература для дальнейшего чтения
Справочные издания
Abramson, Glenda, ed., Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture (2 vols.). London, 2007.
Barnavi, Eli et al., eds., A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People: From the Time of the Patriarchs to the Present. London, 1992.
de Lange, Nicholas, Atlas of the Jewish World. Oxford and New York, 1984.
Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd edn (22 vols.). Woodbridge, CT, 2006.
Friesel, Evyatar, Atlas of Modern Jewish History. New York and Oxford, 1990.
Jacobs, Louis, The Jewish Religion: A Companion. Oxford, 1995.
Werblowsky, R. J. Zwi and Geoffrey Wigoder, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. New York and Oxford, 1997.
I. Евреи в современном мире
Bauer, Yehuda, Out of the Ashes: The Impact of American Jews on Post-Holocaust American Jewry. Oxford, 1989.
Cohen, Steven M. and Arnold M. Eisen, The Jew Within: Self, Family, and Community in America. Bloomington, IN, 2000.
Eisen, Arnold M., The Chosen People in America: A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology. Bloomington, IN, 1983.
Gerber, Jane S., The Jews of Spain: A History of the Sephardic Experience. New York and London, 1992.
Gitelman, Zvi, A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present. 2nd edn, Bloomington, IN, 2001.
Goldscheider, Calvin, Israel’s Changing Society: Population, Ethnicity, and Development. Boulder, CO, 2002.
Heilman, Samuel С, Portrait of American Jews: The Last Half of the 20th Century. Seattle, WA, 1995.
Hoffman, Charles, Gray Dawn: The Jews of Eastern Europe in the Post-Communist Era. New York, 1992.
Hyman, Paula E., The Jews of Modern France. Berkeley, CA, 1998.
Karp, Abraham J., Haven and Home: A History of the Jews in America. New York, 1985.
Laskier, Michael M., North African Jewry in the Twentieth Century: The Jews of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. New York, 1994.
Liebman, Charles S. and Steven M. Cohen, Two Worlds of Judaism, New Haven, CT, 1990.
Marcus, Jacob Rader, The Jew in the American World: A Source Book. Detroit, MI, 1996.
Pinkus, Benjamin, The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge, 1988.
Raphael, Mark Lee, Judaism in America. New York, 2003.
Ro’i, Yaacov, ed.,Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. Ilford, 1995.
Sachar, Howard M., A History of the Jews in America. New York, 1992.
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time. 2nd edn. New York, 1996.
Schnapper, Dominique, Jewish Identities in France: An Analysis of Contemporary French Jewry, tr. Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago and London, 1983.
Wasserstein, Bernard, Vanishing Diaspora: The Jews in Europe since 1945. London, 1996.
Wertheimer, Jack, A People Divided: Judaism in Contemporary America. New York, 1993.
Woocher, Jonathan S., Sacred Survival: The Civil Religion of American Jews. Bloomington, IN, 1986.
II. Еврейский народ и его прошлое
Avineri, Shlomo, The Makings of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State. London, 1981.
Bauer, Yehuda, The Holocaust in Historical Perspective. Seattle, WA, 1978.
Bauman, Zygmunt, Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, NY, 1989.
Beller, Steven, Herzl. London, 1991.
Biale, David, Power and Powerlessness in Jewish History. New York, 1986.
Biale, David, ed., Cultures of the Jews. New York, 2002.
Birnbaum, Pierre and Ira Katznelson, eds., Paths of Emancipation: Jews, States, and Citizenship. Princeton, NJ, 1995.
Cohen, Mark R., Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages. Princeton, NJ and Chichester, 1994.
de Lange, Nicholas, ed., The Illustrated History of the Jewish People. Toronto, New York and London, 1997.
Forster, Brenda and Joseph Tabachnik, Jews by Choice: A Study of Converts to Reform and Conservative Judaism. Hoboken, NJ, 1991.
Frankel, Jonathan and Steven J. Zipperstein, eds., Assimilation and Community: The Jews in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Cambridge, 1992.
Friedlander, Saul, Memory, History, and the Extermination of the Jews of Europe. Bloomington, IN, 1993.
Gilbert, Martin, The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War. New York, 1985.
Haberer, Erich, Jews and Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Cambridge, 1995.
Hartman, David, A Heart of Many Rooms: Celebrating the Many Voices within Judaism. Woodstock, VT, 1997.
A Living Covenant, Woodstock, VT, 1999.
Hertzberg, Arthur, The Zionist Idea. Westport, CT, 1959.
Hilberg, Raul, The Destruction of the European Jews. Rev. edn, 3 vols., New York, 1985.
Katz, Jacob, Tradition and Crisis: Jewish Society at the End of the Middle Ages. New York, 1971
Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770 – 1870. Cambridge, MA, 1973.
Kochan, Lionel, Jews, Idols and Messiahs: The Challenge from History. Oxford, 1990.
Laqueur, Walter, A History of Zionism. London, 1972.
Mendes-Flohr, P. R. and J. Reinharz, The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History. 2nd edn, New York and Oxford, 1995.
Myers, David N., Re-Inventing the Jewish Past: European Jewish Intellectuab and the Zionist Return to History. Oxford and New York, 1995.
Novak, David, The Election of Israel: The Idea of the Chosen People. Cambridge, 1995.
Ravitzky, Aviezer, Messianism, Zionism and Jewish Religious Radicalism. Chicago, 1996.
Religion and State in Jewish Philosophy, tr. R. Yarden. Jerusalem, 2002.
Reinharz, Jehuda, ed., Living with Antisemitism: Modern Jewish Responses. Hanover, NH, 1987.
Reinharz, Jehuda and Walter Schatzberg, eds., The Jewish Response to German Culture:
From the Enlightenment to the Second World War. Hanover, NH, 1985.
Reinharz, Jehuda and Anita Shapira, eds., Essential Papers on Zionism. London, 1996.
Satlow, Michael, Creating Judaism: History, Tradition, Practice. New York, 2006.
Schorsch, Ismar, From Text to Context: The Turn to History in Modern Judaism. Hanover, NH, 1994.
Schwarzfuchs, Simon, Napoleon, the Jews and the Sanhedrin. London, 1979.
Sorkin, David, The Transformation of German Jewry, 1780-1840. New York and Oxford, 1987.
Tobias, Henry J., The Jewish Bund in Russia, from its Origins to 1905;. Stanford, CA, 1972.
Vital, David, The Origins of Zionism. Oxford, 1975.
Yahil, Leni, Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932-1945. New York, 1990.
Young, James, The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning. New Haven, CT, 1993.
Zerubavel, Yael, Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition. Chicago, 1995.
III. Еврейские книги
Appel, Gersion, The Concise Code of Jewish Law: Compiled from Kitzur Shulhan Aruch and Traditional Sources: A New Translation with Introduction and Halachic Annotations based on Contemporary Responsa. New York, 1989-.
The Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth, original translation by the Revd Simeon Singer, 4th edn, with a new translation and commentary by Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks. London, 2006.
Berlin, Adele and Marc Zvi Brettler, eds., The Jewish Study Bible. New York and Oxford, 2004.
Blumenthal David, Understanding Jewish Mysticism: A Source Reader. 2 vols., New York, 1978-82.
Cohen, Boaz, The Shulhan Aruk as a Guide for Religious Practice Today. New York, 1983.
Dan, Joseph, The Kabbalah: A Very Short Introduction. New York, 2006.
Davidson, Herbert A., Moses Maimonides: The Man and his Works. Oxford, 2005.
Donin, Hayim Halevy, To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life:
Selected and Compiled from the Shulhan Arukh and Responsa Literature, and Providing a Rationale for the Laws and the Traditions. New York, 1972.
Finkelman, Shimon, The Chazon Ish: The Life and Ideals of Rabbi Yeshayah Karelitz. New York, 1989.
Fishbane, Simcha, The Method and Meaning of the Mishnah Berurah. Hoboken, NJ, 1991.
Forms of Prayer I Daily, Sabbath and Occasional Prayers. 8th edn, London, 2008.
Frank, Daniel and Oliver Leaman (eds.), A History of Jewish Philosophy. London, 1997.
Hertz, Joseph H, ed., Pentateuch and Haftorahs. Hebrew Text, English Translation and Commentary. 5 vols., Oxford and London 1929-36; 1 vol. edn, London, 1938;
2nd edn, 1 vol., London, 1978.
The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation. Philadelphia, PA, 1985.
Kellner, Menachem, Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought, from Maimonides to Abravanel. Oxford, 1986.
Loewe, Raphael, Ibn Gabirol London, 1989.
Maimonides, Moses, The Guide of the Perplexed, tr. Shlomo Pines. Chicago and London, 1963.
Matt, Daniel O, ed. and tr., The Essential Kabbalah: The Heart of Jewish Mysticism. San Francisco, CA, 1995.
tr., The Zohar. Stanford, CA, 2004. Scherman, Nosson, ed., Tanach: The Torah, Prophets, Writings (ArtScroll series). Brooklyn, NY, 1996.
Silman, Yochanan, Philosopher and Prophet: Judah Halevi, the Kuzari, and the Evolution of his Thought, tr. Lenn F. Shramm. Albany, NY, 1995.
Sirat, Colette, A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages, tr. M. Reich. Cambridge and Paris, 1985.
Twersky, Isadore, ed., A Maimonides Reader. New York, 1972.
The Wisdom of the Zohar: An Anthology of Texts, arranged by Fischel Lachower and Isaiah Tishby, tr. David Goldstein. 3 vols., Oxford, 1989.
Yashar, Mosheh M., Saint and Sage: Hafetz Hayim. New York, 1937.
IV. Еврейская религия
Borowitz, Eugene В., Liberal Judaism. New York, 1984.
Borowitz, Eugene В., ed., Reform Jewish Ethics and the Halakhah: An Experiment in Decision Making. West Orange, NJ, 1994.
Bulka, Reuven P., ed., Dimensions of Orthodox Judaism. New York, 1983.
