161
“Upjohn: Safety of Upjohn’s Oral Antidiabetic Drug Doubted in Study; Firm Disputes Finding”, The Wall Street Journal, May 21, 1970, 6; “Upjohn: A bitter pill for Upjohn shareholders (Drug company involved in antibiotic controversy)”, Financial World, January 23, 1974, 28; “Upjohn: The Upjohn Company: Presentation by R.T. Parfet, Jr., Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and L.C. Hoff, Vice President and General Manager, Pharmaceutical Division, to the Security Analysts of San Francisco, September 11, 1975”, The Wall Street Transcript, October 13, 1975, 41648–41650; “Upjohn: Hair-Raising Happenings at Upjohn (Testing a cure for baldness, the company squirms at the unwelcome clamor)”, Fortune, April 6, 1981, 67–69; “Upjohn: FDA Says Upjohn Exaggerated Claims On Drug’s Value in Treating Baldness”, The Wall Street Journal, June 18, 1986, 6; “Upjohn: Rip Tide: Can Upjohn manage its way out of a product gap? If not, it could be swept into the industry merger wave”, Financial World, September 5, 1989, 26–28; “Upjohn: The Corporation: Strategies: Will This Formula Cure What Ails Upjohn: As the sharks circle, it’s spending big on R&D and marketing”, Business Week, September 18, 1989, 65; “Upjohn: Technology & Medicine: Upjohn Sleep Drug Being Investigated For Safety by FDA”, The Wall Street Journal, September 20, 1984, B4; “Upjohn: Medicine: Halcion Takes Another Hit: Tainted data played a key role in FDA approval”, Newsweek, February 17, 1992, 58; “Upjohn: Medicine: Fueling the Fire Over Halcion: Upjohn’s own staff has raised safety concerns”, Newsweek, May 25, 1992, 84; “Upjohn: Top of the News: Successions: At Upjohn, A Grim Changing of the Guard: Ley Smith inherits the problem-plagued drugmaker at a critical juncture”, Business Week, May 3, 1993, 36.
162
Интервью в рамках исследования #11-B, с. 7.
163
“No-Longer-So-Great Scott”, Forbes, August 1, 1972, 25.
164
“Scott Paper Back on its Feet”, Forbes, December 15, 1976, 69–70.
165
“Scott isn’t lumbering anymore”, Fortune, September 30, 1985, 48–55.
166
“Scott Paper: Back on the attack”, Financial World, August 1, 1979, 22–23; “A Paper Tiger Grows Claws”, Business Week, August 23, 1969, 100–102; “Outlook For 1970 – Year-End Statement”, Paper Trade Journal, December 22, 1969, 33; “Profits Peak for Scott Paper”, Financial World, April 22, 1970, 13, 28; “No-Longer-So-Great Scott”, Forbes, August 1, 1972, 25.
167
Интервью в рамках исследования # 5-F, с. 2.
168
Интервью в рамках исследования # 5-E, с. 22.
169
Интервью в рамках исследования # 6-A, с. 19.
170
Ann Kaiser Stearns, Coming Back: Rebuilding Lives after Crisis and Loss (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 294. В своей работе Стернс описывает выводы этих исследований, что, на наш взгляд, научно обосновывает эффективность парадокса Стокдейла. Мы также испытали влияние работы Михая Чиксентмихайи. В комплексном исследовании феномена счастья в книге Flow («Поток») Чиксентмихайи рассматривает возможности трансформации эмоций, вызванных трагедией, используя в качестве примера исследования профессора Миланского университета Фаусто Массимини. В этих исследованиях паралитики и другие больные с нарушениями двигательных функций высказывают мнение, что несчастье послужило для них положительным опытом и заставило в какой-то степени начать жить действительно полной жизнью. (Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow (HarperPerrenial: 1990), 192–193). Другой взгляд на эту проблему можно найти в работах д-ра Ала Сиеберта, который написал The Survivor Personality – How Life’s Best Survivors Thrive in Difficult Situations and Convert Misfortune into Good Luck.
171
FNM имел 9,3 % по своим кредитам, но должен был платить 14,63 % по краткосрочным займам. “David Maxwell Takes Over Troubled Fannie Mae”, The Washington Post, May 21, 1981; “Fannie Mae Searches for Higher Ground”, Fortune, July 13, 1981, 110.
172
“Fannie Mae Searches for Higher Ground”, Fortune, July 13, 1981, 110.
173
“Fannie Mae Searches for Higher Ground”, Fortune, July 13, 1981, 110.
174
Разговор с Дэвидом Максвеллом 14 ноября 1997 года.
175
Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory of Primetime Networks and Cable TV Shows (New York: Ballantine, 1999), 929.
176
Jim and Sybil Stockdale, In Love and War (Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990); Stockdale Triumphs, Video Presentation – 1994 Stanford Alumni Association.
177
Платон считал, что это глубочайшее суждение было надписью в Дельфах (Протагор, 343В); Plato: The Protagoras and Meno translated by W.K.C. Guthrie (New York and London: Penguin Classics, 1956), 77.
178
Isaiah Berlin, The Hedgehog and the Fox (Chicago: Elephant Paperbacks, 1993).
179
Разговор с автором.
180
Интервью в рамках исследования #10-F, с. 3.
181
Интервью в рамках исследования #10-D, с. 22.
182
“Convenience with a Difference”, Forbes, June 11, 1990.
183
Walgreens Annual Report 1998, 16.
184
“Tuning In”, Forbes, April 13, 1981, 96.
185
“Tandy Agrees to Buy Assets of Eckerd Unit”, The Wall Street Journal, July 5, 1985.
186
Moody’s Industrial Subsidiary List (Mergent FIS, 2000).
187
Warren Buffet, The Essays of Warren Buffet: Lessons for Corporate America (Lawrence A. Cunningham, 1998), 98.
188
“Warren Buffet’s favorite banker”, Forbes, October 18, 1993.
189
“Wells Fargo Targets Southern California”, American Banker, July 10, 1987, 1; “Wells Fargo to Cut Overseas Activities to Boost its Profit”, The Wall Street Journal, May 3, 1985, 32; “Wells Fargo Trims its Sails”, American Banker, May 3, 1985; “A banker even Keynes might love”, Forbes, July 2, 1984, 42.
190
“BankAmerica launches probe”, The Wall Street Journal, January 28, 1985, 27; “More than mortgages ails BankAmerica”, Fortune, April 1, 1985, 50; “Big Quarterly Deficit Stuns BankAmerica”, The Wall Street Journal, July 18, 1985, 1; “Sam Armacost’s Sea of Troubles”, Banker, September 1, 1985, 18.
191
Интервью в рамках исследования #11-H, с. 5, 13.
192
Интервью в рамках исследования #11-F, с. 5, 11.
193
“Boot Camp For Bankers”, Forbes, July 23, 1990, 273.
194
“Hospital Suppliers Strike Back”, The New York Times, March 31, 1985, Section 3, 1; The Abbott Almanac: 100 Years of Commitment to Quality Health Care (Benjamin Company, 1987), 170, 210; “Abbott: Profiting From Products that Cut Costs”, Business Week, June 18, 1984, 56; “In Medical Testing, Abbott is the Name of the Game”, Business Week, June 1, 1987, 90.
195
“Riptide: Can Upjohn Manage its Way out of a Product Gap”, Financial World, September 5, 1989, 26; “Upjohn: The Corporation: Strategies: Will This Formula Cure What Ails Upjohn: As the sharks circle, it’s spending big on R&D and marketing”, Business Week, September 18, 1989, 65.
196
“Riptide: Can Upjohn Manage its Way out of a Product Gap”, Financial World, September 5, 1989, 26.
197
“Upjohn: Mergers: Upjohn Finally Makes it to the Big Leagues: How CEO Zabriskie engineered the Pharmacia merger”, Business Week, September 4, 1995.
198
“Hasbro may alter bid to appease Tonka holders”, Financial London Times, April 16, 1991, 26; “Tonka says yes to Hasbro”, Financial London Times, April 19, 1991, 30.
199
“Tobacco: Profit Despite Attacks”, The New York Times, January 25, 1979.
200
James C. Collins and Jerry I. Porras, Built to Last (New York: Harper Collins, 1997), 86.
201
Bryan Burrough & John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate (New York: Harper Collins, 1991).
202
Интервью в рамках исследования #5-A, с. 13.
203
“An Iconoclast in a Cutthroat World”, Chief Executive, March 1996.
204
“Gillette Holds its Edge by Endlessly Searching for a Better Shave”, The Wall Street Journal, December 10, 1992.
205
Интервью в рамках исследования #3-G, с. 7.
206
Компании, которые мы использовали для сравнения и которые продемонстрировали одержимость идеей роста: Bank of America, Addressograph Multigraph, Eckerd, Great Western Financial, Silo, Upjohn, Warner-Lambert, Burroughs, Chrysler, Harris, Rubbermaid и Teledyne.
207
“The Wall Street Transcript: Corporate Critics Confidential: Savings and Loan Industry”, The Wall Street Journal, June 12, 1989, 93, 903.
208
“How Playing it Safe Worked for Great Western”, Business Week, September 7, 1987, 70.
209
“The Wall Street Transcript: Remarks by James F. Montgomery to the Boston Security Analysts Society, October 8, 1985”, The Wall Street Journal, December 23, 1985, 80245.
210
В письме Карлу Силигу Эйнштейн писал: «Между рождением замысла идеи теории относительности и завершением соответствующей публикации прошло пять или шесть недель. Но едва ли верно считать, что это было днем рождения, поскольку материалы и составляющие части накапливались в течение ряда лет…». В письме к Р. С. Шанкланд в 1952 году он счел, что «работал десять лет» над теорией. Ronald W. Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times (New York and Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1971), 74–85, 120.
211
Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (New York: Touchstone Books, 1984).
